Since the earliest days of AI development, biases have been a component of artificial intelligence. The simplest type of bias is something we humans do all the time: recall where you parked your car at night when you possibly shouldn’t have remembered that. Biases may also be inherent to machine learning algorithms because they can be products of historical information or some other data characteristic. A lot of people who use machine learning don’t understand the technical perspective on biases in machine learning, which can lead them to faulty decisions and bad practices.
Fairness in data has a lot to do with how you define it
If you have only a few examples of something, it will be easy to tell if your model makes mistakes; but if your example set is large, then there may be many different ways that your model could classify them correctly.
If there are many ways that your model can classify an example correctly, then it also becomes hard for an algorithm to distinguish between these different ways. You need some way of determining whether or not a particular decision was correct based on how well it did on all the examples in the training set.
One way to do this is to use some kind of distance metric between each example’s classification and its true label (the class it really belongs in). The closer two examples are, the more likely they are to be from the same class; but if they’re very far apart on a distance metric, then even if they were both labeled incorrectly
Equitable representation of different groups in the data can make it more fair
For example, if a dataset is training and the data has been collected from the same area by different people, then it will be biased. If you have an equal number of men and women and you train your algorithm using this dataset, then your model may give a higher score to men than women. This can lead to discrimination problems for women.
To tackle this issue, we have to have a way to include all the groups in our dataset. One way is by using a stratified sampling technique where we divide our population into several groups based on some characteristics such as age or gender. For example, if we want to train an algorithm on 20 people who are between 18-25 years old and 10 people who are between 30-35 years old, then we can use stratified sampling technique where each group is composed of 20 people who are between 18-25 years old and 10 people who are between 30-35 years old.
You should examine your data for fairness in multiple ways
One approach is to look at the distribution of features and labels, which can be done using linear regression or logistic regression.
Another approach is to use a randomization procedure to generate data that is more balanced. This can be done by randomly shuffling existing training data, or by creating a new dataset from scratch. The most common approach is to use bootstrapping, which involves randomly sampling from your data set many times and then averaging these samples together to create a new sample that has the same number of rows as the original dataset.
Small differences can have big impacts
In many cases, the smallest difference between two data points can make a major difference in how the model behaves. For example, suppose we are training a model to classify handwritten digits. We want to find the best possible classifier to describe each digit. But there are only two options: 0 and 1. In order to make this decision, we need to look at how frequently these two classes appear together in training data.
If they appeared equally often, then their classification would be 50/50, which would mean that each group is equally likely to be right or wrong and so there’s no reason to choose one over another. However, if they were equally likely but one of them was much more common than the other, then we could use that as evidence for our model and it would better predict what was going on in reality.
The same thing happens when you look at images: if someone has light skin and dark hair, you can use this information alone to decide whether they’re male or female even if they don’t look like either sex at first glance; but if they have dark hair and light skin,
Grouping individuals into different categories can exacerbate bias
Bias is a systematic error that distorts our perception of the world. The most common types of bias are those that make us think we’re more intelligent or wise than we really are, and those that make us think we’re less intelligent or wise than we really are.
For example, if you were to ask people how many times they had ever flown on an airplane, the answers would be different depending on whether you grouped them by age or income level.
We may not want to seek happiness, we want to seek joy instead
The main reason for this is because we believe that the world is a place of unending pain and suffering. This belief leads us to seek joy in the midst of sadness and suffering.
We are taught from childhood that there are things that are good and bad, right and wrong, helpful and harmful. We learn all these concepts through our parents and other people around us. We internalize this knowledge so much that it becomes part of our personality as well.
When we feel sad or depressed, we tend to think that there must be something wrong with us; after all, how can such a thing happen? What went wrong here? Why did I get into this situation? These questions keep running in our minds until we find answers for them. This helps us overcome depression by finding new solutions for problems we face every day in life.
The most important thing to remember is that machine learning needs data to learn from. Therefore, if the data depicted in the training set is biased, then the resulting model which is derived from that data is likely going to be biased as well. This doesn’t mean that machine learning algorithms are irredeemably flawed, but it does mean they need to be examined more closely when used in real-world scenarios where these kind of biases can have disastrous effects.
Author: AKSHR
